Below is a summary of some of my work and interests, as of May 2023. I encourage you to instead download the up-to-date PDF version here, which is current for March 2025.
Objective
I’ve always been inspired by the promise of space and the many ways in which it can move humanity forward. My work leverages distributed systems and autonomy for meaningful, equitable, sustainable utilisation of our space environment and the exploration of new frontiers.
My current research interests include:
- Autonomous guidance, navigation and control of spacecraft
- State estimation in GNSS-denied environments (specifically, via optical angles-only methods)
- Spacecraft swarms, constellations and distributed space systems
- Spacecraft mission design and optimization
Education

2024: Ph.D. | Aeronautics and Astronautics | Stanford University
2019: Master of Science | Aeronautics and Astronautics | Stanford University

2016: Bachelor of Science | Physics (1st Class Hons.) | University of Western Australia
2015: Bachelor of Engineering | Mechatronics (1st Class Hons.) | University of Western Australia
Research Experience

2024 – present: Postdoctoral Scholar | Space Rendezvous Laboratory | Stanford University
2019 – 2024: Graduate Research Assistant | Space Rendezvous Laboratory | Stanford University
- Current lead developer for ARTMS, an angles-only autonomous navigation architecture for distributed space systems.
- Current team lead for the StarFOX experiment, the first in-orbit demonstration of autonomous angles-only navigation for spacecraft swarms (launch on NASA Starling in mid-2023).
- Current lead developer for the Optical Stimulator, a high-fidelity variable-magnification testbed for hardware-in-the-loop vision-based navigation.
- Responsibilities include fundamental research, algorithm development, flight code development, mission design, system integration, system validation and verification, and mission operations.
- Supervisor: Prof. Simone D’Amico

2018: International Intern | Intelligent Robotics Group | NASA Ames Research Center
- Investigated use of unsupervised machine learning to estimate wheel slip for planetary rovers.
- Supervisor: Arno Rogg

2017: Research Assistant | School of Engineering | University of Western Australia
- System design and feasibility analysis of fleet robotics for site-specific weed management.
- Supervisor: Prof. Andrew Guzzomi
2016: Research Assistant | School of Physics | University of Western Australia
- Experiment development and sensitivity analysis for a dark matter axion haloscope.
- Supervisor: Dr. Stephen Tobar

2015: Intern | Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre | Australian National University
- Design recommendations for a nanosatellite attitude determination and control system testbed.
- Supervisor: Dr. Naomi Mathers
Teaching Experience

2022: Tutor | Stanford Young Astronauts | Woodside Elementary School
2020: Teaching Assistant | AA131 Space Flight | Stanford University
2018: Tutor | Stanford Splash! | Stanford University

2016: Tutor Coordinator | St. George’s College | University of Western Australia
2014: Engineering Subject Tutor | St. George’s College | University of Western Australia
2013: Programming Mentor | CoderDojo | University of Western Australia
Recent Publications
Kruger, J., Koenig, A. W., D’Amico, S.;
The Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment (StarFOX): System Design, Experiment Design and Pre-Flight Verification;
Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (under review)
Kruger, J., D’Amico, S.;
Angles-Only Tracking and Navigation for Approach and Rendezvous in Geosynchronous Orbits;
33rd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Austin, Texas, January 15-19 (2023)
Kruger, J., D’Amico, S.;
Observability Analysis and Optimization for Angles-Only Navigation of Distributed Space Systems;
11th International Workshop on Satellite Constellations & Formation Flying, Milano, Italy, June 7-10 (2022)
Iiyama, K., Kruger, J., D’Amico, S.;
Autonomous Distributed Angles-Only Navigation and Timekeeping in Lunar Orbit;
ION International Technical Meeting, Long Beach, California, January 24-27 (2022)
Kruger, J., D’Amico, S.;
Autonomous Angles-Only Multitarget Tracking for Spacecraft Swarms;
Acta Astronautica, Volume 189, September 2021, pp. 514-529
Sullivan, J., Koenig, A. W., Kruger, J., D’Amico, S.;
Generalized Angles-Only Navigation Architecture for Autonomous Distributed Space Systems;
Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 44, No. 6 (2021), pp. 1087-1105
Koenig A. W., Kruger J., Sullivan J., D’Amico S.;
ARTMS: Enabling Autonomous Distributed Angles-Only Orbit Estimation for Spacecraft Swarms;
2021 American Control Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 26-28 (2021)
Kruger J., Wallace K., Koenig A. W., D’Amico S.;
Autonomous Angles-Only Navigation for Spacecraft Swarms around Planetary Bodies;
IEEE Aerospace Conference, Yellowstone Conference Center, Big Sky, Montana, March 6-13 (2021)
Kruger J., Rogg A., Gonzalez R.;
Estimating Wheel Slip of a Planetary Exploration Rover via Unsupervised Machine Learning;
IEEE Aerospace Conference, Yellowstone Conference Center, Big Sky, Montana, March 2-9 (2019)
Awards and Fellowships
2022: Excellent Reviewer | Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics | AIAA
2021: M Charles Fogg Award for Best Paper | IEEE Aerospace Conference | IEEE
2018: 1st Place | NASA/BOEM Next Generation Animal Tracking Challenge | NASA
2017: Robert H. Cannon Fellowship | Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics | Stanford University
2014: Argyle Award | St George’s College | University of Western Australia
2010: Fogarty Foundation Regional Scholarship | University of Western Australia
Interests
- Creative writing. I’d love to publish a book one day! I’m about 75% through writing this one.
- Playing tennis. Also, watching Roger Federer play tennis.
- Playing the piano, whenever I have sufficient determination to properly practice.
- LEGO models that are unreasonably large.
- An anime about Japanese high-schoolers playing volleyball. (It’s good, trust me.)
- A video game about the end of the universe and what comes after.
- Seals. Yes, the animal.
- Chocolate.
Contact
Email: justin {at} justin {dot} zone
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